However, to our knowledge only one no controlled study have investigated the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (without attention to age differences) among strabismic patients in Iran. Previous studies on the intelligence and psychosocial negative effects of strabismus in adults were published (6). On the other hand, behaviors of such children have negative influence on their education process and insignificant advancement in academic area is the immediate resultant of such behaviors ( Egeland et al., 2004 Do Zois & Dobson, 2006).

The final losers of such effects are children themselves. Behavioral disorders in children bring many problems for society because children behavior influences on their family, teachers and everyone who has close relationship with children. However, such plans are expensive and involve specialized screening ( Do Zois & Dobson, 2006). Different plans have been designed in order to identify risk factors which are specific to each disorder and selecting population which is prone to danger in order to conduct interventions. Egeland et al obtained a great correlation between childhood behavioral disorders and behavioral disorders of adulthood ( Egeland, Pianta, & Ogawa, 2004). Within the past few years, psychological issues of children have received a lot of attention. So, identifying the effective factors on intelligence and early treatment of them in children can prevent learning disorders and secondary problems in children. Most aspects of development are dependent or guided by visual system. Other advantages of strabismus correction include the improvement of any abnormal head posture, expansion of the visual field, restoration of stereoscopic acuity, centralization of the visual field, elimination of diplopia, improvement in ocular motility, improvement in psychomotor development, and restoration of normal appearance ( Olitsky et al., 1999 Nelson et al., 2008). The main purpose of strabismus treatment is the alignment of the visual axes in order to achieve single binocular vision with good image fusion. They also perceive that strabismus has a negative impact on secure employment and opportunities for career advancement ( Durnian et al., 2010).

Adult with strabismus are likely to develop mannerisms to camouflage their dysfunction and avoid eye contact during social interactions ( Nelson, Gunton, Lasker, Nelson, & Drohan, 2008 Durnian, Owen, Baddon, Noonan, & Marsh, 2010). Prejudice relating to strabismus can extend beyond social relationships. In addition, the appearance of misaligned eyes might result in social prejudice by associating strabismus with personality defects and below average intelligence ( Olitsky, Sudesh, Graziano, Hamblen, Brooks, & Shaha, 1999). Patient with strabismus fail to achieve proper binocular vision because they are unable to simultaneously direct each eye to the same point in space. Strabismus (ocular misalignment) is one of the ophthalmological problems that can affect the quality of life of individuals. It can be concluded that paternal educational level and tribe have a significant effect on intelligent quotient, while this is not the case on sex and ocular deviation.

In this evaluation, we did not found a significant negative interference of strabismus on IQ score of preschool children. There was no significant difference in IQ between two sexes (P>0.05) while Persian tribe children had greater IQ score compared to other tribes (P0.05). The results showed that these three different IQ subscales were not significantly different among 3 to 7 years old strabismic and nonstrabismic children ((P>0.05 for all comparisons). In strabismic patients the mean performance, verbal and total IQ were 89.46☑9.79, 89.57☒1.57 and 91.54☒2.08 respectively. In the current study, 108 children were evaluated. In this cross-sectional study, 108 preschool children with equal numbers of strabismic/non-strabismic disorder (age 3–7 years) were randomly selected from exceptional strabismus clinics of Ahvaz and were evaluated with the preschool and primary scale of intelligence versions of Wechsler (WPPSI). This study was designed to compare the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) among 3 to 7-year-old strabismic and nonstrabismic children in an Iranian population.

Arabic iq test with answers pdf